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| august 2010 doc id 15994 rev 4 1/37 1 VN5E016AH-E 16 m high-side driver with analog current sense for automotive applications features general ? inrush current active management by power limitation ? very low standby current ? 3.0 v cmos compatible inputs ? optimized electromagnetic emissions ? very low electromag netic susceptibility ? in compliance with the 2002/95/ec european directive diagnostic functions ? proportional load current sense ? high current sense precision for wide current range ? current sense disable ? off-state open-load detection ? output short to v cc indication ? overload and short to ground (power limitation) indication ? thermal shutdown indication protections ? undervoltage shutdown ? overvoltage clamp ? load current limitation ? self limiting of fast thermal transients ? protection against loss of ground and loss of v cc ? overtemperature shutdown with auto restart (thermal shutdown) ? reverse battery protected ? electrostatic discharge protection applications all types of resistive, inductive and capacitive loads suitable as led driver description the VN5E016AH-E is a single channel high-side driver manufactured in the st proprietary vipower? m0-5 technology and housed in the tiny hpak package. the VN5E016AH-E is designed to drive 12 v automotive grounded loads delivering protection, diagnostics and easy 3 v and 5 v cmos compatible interface with any microcontroller. the device integrates advanced protective functions such as load cu rrent limitatio n, inrush and overload active management by power limitation, overtemperature shut-off with auto restart and overvoltage active clamp. a dedicated analog current sense pin is associated with every output channel to provide enhanced diagnostic functions. these functions include fast detection of overload and short-circuit to ground through power limitation indication, overtemperature indication, short-circuit to v cc diagnosis and on-state and off-state open-load detection. the current sensing and diagnostic feedback of the whole device can be disabled by pulling the cs_dis pin high to allow sharing of the external sense resistor with other similar devices . max supply voltage v cc 41v operating voltage range v cc 4.5 to 28v max on-state resist ance (per ch.) r on 16 m current limitation (typ) i limh 73 a off-state supply current i s 2 a (1) 1. typical value with all loads connected. www.st.com
contents VN5E016AH-E 2/37 doc id 15994 rev 4 contents 1 block diagram and pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2 electrical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.1 absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2 thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.3 electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.4 waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.5 electrical characteristics curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3 application information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.1 gnd protection network against reverse battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.1.1 solution 1: resistor in the ground line (rgnd only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.1.2 solution 2: a diode (dgnd) in the ground line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.2 load dump protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.3 mcu i/os protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3.4 current sense and diagnostic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 3.4.1 short to vcc and off-state open-load detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.5 maximum demagnetization energy (vcc = 13.5v) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 4 package and pc board thermal da ta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 4.1 hpak thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 5 package and packing information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 5.1 ecopack ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 5.2 packing information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 6 order codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 7 revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 VN5E016AH-E list of tables doc id 15994 rev 4 3/37 list of tables table 1. pin functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 table 2. suggested connections for unused and not connected pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 table 3. absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 table 4. thermal data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 table 5. power section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 table 6. switching (v cc =13v, t j = 25 c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 table 7. logic inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 table 8. protection and diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 table 9. current sense (8 v < v cc < 18 v). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 table 10. open-load detection (8 v < v cc < 18 v). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 table 11. truth table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 table 12. electrical transient requirements (part 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 table 13. electrical transient requirements (part 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 table 14. electrical transient requirements (part 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 table 15. thermal parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 table 16. package mechanical data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 table 17. device summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 table 18. document revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 list of figures VN5E016AH-E 4/37 doc id 15994 rev 4 list of figures figure 1. block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 figure 2. configuration diagram (top view) not in scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 figure 3. current and voltage conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 figure 4. current sense delay characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 figure 5. open-load off-state delay timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 figure 6. switching characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 figure 7. delay response time between rising edge of output current and rising edge of current sense (cs enabled). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 figure 8. output voltage drop limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 figure 9. i out /i sense vs i out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 figure 10. maximum current sense ratio drift vs load current (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 figure 11. normal operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 figure 12. overload or short to gnd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 figure 13. intermittent overload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 figure 14. off-state open-load with external circuitry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 figure 15. short to v cc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 figure 16. t j evolution in overload or short to gnd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 figure 17. off-state output current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 figure 18. high level input current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 figure 19. input clamp level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 figure 20. input low level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 figure 21. input high level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 figure 22. input hysteresis voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 figure 23. on-state resistance vs t case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 figure 24. on-state resistance vs v cc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 figure 25. undervoltage shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 figure 26. turn-on voltage slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 figure 27. i limh vs t case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 figure 28. turn-off voltage slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 figure 29. cs_dis high level voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 figure 30. cs_dis clamp voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 figure 31. cs_dis low level voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 figure 32. application schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 figure 33. current sense and diagnostic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 figure 34. maximum turn off current versus inductance (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 figure 35. pc board (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 figure 36. rthj-amb vs. pcb copper area in open box free air condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 figure 37. hpak thermal impedance junction ambient single pulse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 figure 38. thermal fitting model of a single channel hsd in hpak (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 figure 39. package dimension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 figure 40. hpak tube shipment (no suffix) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 figure 41. hpak tape and reel (suffix ?tr?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 VN5E016AH-E block diagram and pin description doc id 15994 rev 4 5/37 1 block diagram and pin description figure 1. block diagram table 1. pin functions name function v cc battery connection output power output (1) 1. pins 1 and 7 must be externally tied together. gnd ground connection input voltage controlled input pin with hyster esis, cmos compatible. controls output switch state current sense analog current sense pin, delivers a current proportional to the load current cs_dis active high cmos compatible pi n, to disable the current sense pin v cc control & diagnostic logic driver v on limitation current limitation power clamp off state open load over temp. undervoltage v senseh current sense overload protection (active power limitation) in cs cs_ dis gnd out signal clamp block diagram and pin description VN5E016AH-E 6/37 doc id 15994 rev 4 figure 2. configuration diag ram (top view) not in scale table 2. suggested connections for unused and not connected pins connection / pin current sense output input cs_dis floating not allowed x x x to ground through 1 k resistor through 22 k resistor through 10 k resistor through 10 k resistor in vcc cs cs_dis 1234 56 7 gnd out out VN5E016AH-E electrical specifications doc id 15994 rev 4 7/37 2 electrical specifications figure 3. current and voltage conventions 2.1 absolute maximum ratings stressing the device above the rating listed in the ?absolute maximum ratings? table may cause permanent damage to the device. these are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operating sections of this specification is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. refer also to the stmicroelectronics sure program and other relevant quality document. i s i gnd v cc v cc output input v in v sense gnd cs_dis i csd v csd i in current s ense v out i out i sense table 3. absolute maximum ratings symbol parameter value unit v cc dc supply voltage 41 v -v cc reverse dc supply voltage 0.3 v i gnd dc reverse ground pin current 200 ma i out dc output current internally limited a -i out reverse dc output current 20 a i in dc input current -1 to 10 ma i csd dc current sense disable input current -1 to 10 ma v csense current sense maximum voltage (v cc >0) v cc -41 +v cc v v e max maximum switching energy (single pulse) (l = 1.55 mh; r l = 0 ; v bat = 13.5v; t jstart = 150oc; i out = i liml (typ.) ) 350 mj electrical specifications VN5E016AH-E 8/37 doc id 15994 rev 4 2.2 thermal data v esd electrostatic discharge (human body model: r = 1.5k ; c = 100pf) ? input ? current sense ?cs_dis ? output ?v cc 4000 2000 4000 5000 5000 v v v v v v esd charge device model (cdm-aec-q100-011) 750 v t j junction operating temperature -40 to 150 c t stg storage temperature -55 to 150 c table 3. absolute maximum ratings (continued) symbol parameter value unit table 4. thermal data symbol parameter m ax. value unit r thj-case thermal resistance junction-case 0.63 c/w r thj-amb thermal resistance junction-ambient 69.3 c/w VN5E016AH-E electrical specifications doc id 15994 rev 4 9/37 2.3 electrical characteristics values specified in th is section are for 8 v < v cc <28v, -40c< t j < 150 c, unless otherwise specified. table 5. power section symbol parameter test conditions min. typ. max. unit v cc operating supply voltage 4.5 13 28 v v usd undervoltage shutdown - 3.5 4.5 v v usdhyst undervoltage shutdown hysteresis -0.5 - v r on on-state resistance i out = 5 a; t j = 25 c - - 16 m i out = 5 a; t j = 150 c - - 32 i out = 5 a; v cc = 5 v; t j = 25 c - - 20 v f output - v cc diode voltage -i out = 5a; t j = 150c - - 0.7 v v clamp clamp voltage i cc = 20 ma; i out = 0a 41 46 52 v i s supply current off-state; v cc = 13v; t j = 25c; v in = v out = v sense = 0v -2 5 a on-state; v cc = 13v; v in = 5v; i out = 0a -1.53ma i l(off1) off-state output current v in = v out = 0v; v cc = 13v; t j = 25c 00.01 3 a v in = v out = 0v; v cc = 13v; t j = 125c 0- 5 table 6. switching (v cc =13v, t j = 25 c) symbol parameter test conditions min. typ. max. unit t d(on) turn-on delay time r l = 2.6 (see figure 6 )- 15 - s t d(off) turn-off delay time r l = 2.6 (see figure 6 )- 45 - s (dv out /dt) on turn-on voltage slope r l = 2.6 -0.2 -v / s (dv out /dt) off turn-off voltage slope r l = 2.6 -0.2 -v / s w on switching energy losses at turn-on (t won ) r l = 2.6 (see figure 6 )- 1.4 - mj w off switching energy losses at turn-off (t woff ) r l = 2.6 (see figure 6 )- 0.8 - mj electrical specifications VN5E016AH-E 10/37 doc id 15994 rev 4 table 7. logic inputs symbol parameter test cond itions min. typ. max. unit v il input low level voltage - - 0.9 v i il low level input current v in = 0.9v 1 - - a v ih input high level voltage 2.1 - - v i ih high level input current v in = 2.1v - - 10 a v i(hyst) input hysteresis voltage 0.25 - - v v icl input clamp voltage i in = 1ma 5.5 - 7 v i in = -1ma - -0.7 - v csdl cs_dis low level voltage - - 0.9 v i csdl low level cs_dis current v csd = 0.9v 1 - - a v csdh cs_dis high level voltage 2.1 - - v i csdh high level cs_dis current v csd = 2.1v - - 10 a v csd(hyst) cs_dis hysteresis voltage 0.25 - - v v cscl cs_dis clamp voltage i csd = 1ma 5.5 - 7 v i csd = -1ma - -0.7 - table 8. protection and diagnostics (1) 1. to ensure long term reliability under heavy overload or s hort circuit conditions, protection and related diagnostic signals must be used together with a proper software strategy. if the device is subjected to abnormal conditions, this software must limit the duration and number of activation cycles symbol parameter test conditions min. typ. max. unit i limh short circuit current v cc = 13v 5v electrical specifications VN5E016AH-E 14/37 doc id 15994 rev 4 figure 7. delay response time between rising edge of output current and rising edge of current sense (cs enabled) figure 8. output voltage drop limitation v in i out i sense i outmax i sensemax 90% i sensemax 90% i outmax t dsense2h t t t von iout vcc-vout tj=150oc tj=25oc tj=-40oc von/ron(t) VN5E016AH-E electrical specifications doc id 15994 rev 4 15/37 figure 9. i out /i sense vs i out figure 10. maximum current sense ratio drift vs load current (1) 1. parameter guaranteed by design; it is not tested. 4000 4200 4400 4600 4800 5000 5200 5400 5600 5800 6000 6200 6400 5 10152025 i out (a) i out / i sense max tj = -40 c to 150 c max tj = 25 c to 150 c min tj = 25 c to 150 c min tj = -40 c to 150 c typical value -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 5 10152025 i out (a) dk/k(%) electrical specifications VN5E016AH-E 16/37 doc id 15994 rev 4 table 11. truth table conditions input output sense (v csd =0v) (1) 1. if the v csd is high, the sense output is at a high impedance, its potential depends on leakage currents and external circuit. normal operation l h l h 0 nominal overtemperature l h l l 0 v senseh undervoltage l h l l 0 0 overload h h x (no power limitation) cycling (power limitation) nominal v senseh short circuit to gnd (power limitation) l h l l 0 v senseh open-load off-state (with external pull-up) lhv senseh short circuit to v cc (external pull-up disconnected) l h h h v senseh < nominal negative output voltage clamp ll 0 VN5E016AH-E electrical specifications doc id 15994 rev 4 17/37 table 12. electrical transient requirements (part 1) iso 7637-2: 2004(e) test pulse test levels number of pulses or test times burst cycle/pulse repetition time delays and impedance iii iv 1 -75 v -100 v 5000 pulses 0.5 s 5 s 2 ms, 10 2a +37 v +50 v 5000 pulses 0.2 s 5 s 50 s, 2 3a -100 v -150 v 1h 90 ms 100 ms 0.1 s, 50 3b +75 v +100 v 1h 90 ms 100 ms 0.1s, 50 4 -6 v -7 v 1 pulse - 100 ms, 0.01 5b (2) +65 v +87 v 1 pulse - 400 ms, 2 table 13. electrical transient requirements (part 2) iso 7637-2: 2004(e) test pulse test level results (1) 1. the above test levels must be considered referred to v cc = 13.5v except for pulse 5b iii iv 1c c 2a c c 3a c c 3b c c 4c c 5b (2) 2. valid in case of external load dump clamp: 40v maximum referred to ground. cc table 14. electrical transient requirements (part 3) class contents c all functions of the device are performed as designed after exposure to disturbance. e one or more functions of the device are no t performed as designed after exposure to disturbance and cannot be returned to prope r operation without replacing the device. electrical specifications VN5E016AH-E 18/37 doc id 15994 rev 4 2.4 waveforms figure 11. normal operation figure 12. overload or short to gnd i out v sense v cs_dis input nominal load nominal load normal operation power limitation i limh > i liml > i out v sense v cs_dis input thermal cycling overload or short to gnd VN5E016AH-E electrical specifications doc id 15994 rev 4 19/37 figure 13. intermittent overload figure 14. off-state open-load with external circuitry power limitation i limh > i liml > i out v sense v cs_dis input thermal cycling overload or short to gnd input off-state open load with external circutry v ol i out v sense v cs_dis v out v out > v ol t dstk(on) v senseh > electrical specifications VN5E016AH-E 20/37 doc id 15994 rev 4 figure 15. short to v cc figure 16. t j evolution in overload or short to gnd t dstk(on) v out > v ol resistive short to v cc hard short to v cc short to v cc i out v cs_dis v out v ol t dstk(on) t tsd t r t j evolution in overload or short to gnd i limh > < i liml t j_start t hyst power limitation self-limitation of fast thermal transients input i out t j VN5E016AH-E electrical specifications doc id 15994 rev 4 21/37 2.5 electrical char acteristics curves figure 17. off-state output current figure 18. high level input current iloff [na] 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 tc [c] iih [ua] 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 tc [c] vin= 2.1v figure 19. input clamp level figure 20. input low level vicl [v] 5 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.8 7 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 tc [c] iin= 1m a vil [v] 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 tc [c] figure 21. input high level figure 22. input hysteresis voltage vih [v] 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 tc [c] vihyst [v] 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 tc [c] electrical specifications VN5E016AH-E 22/37 doc id 15994 rev 4 figure 23. on-state resistance vs t case figure 24. on-state resistance vs v cc ron [mohm] 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 tc [c] iout= 5a vcc= 13v ron [mohm] 0 10 20 30 40 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 vcc [v] tc= -40c tc= 25c tc= 125c tc= 150c figure 25. undervoltage shutdown figure 26. turn-on voltage slope vusd [v] 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 tc [c] (dvout/dt)on [v/ms] 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 tc [c] vcc= 13v rl= 2.6 ? figure 27. i limh vs t case figure 28. turn-off voltage slope ilim h [a] 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 tc [c] v cc= 13v (dvout/dt)off [v/ms] 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 tc [c] vcc= 13v rl= 2.6 ? VN5E016AH-E electrical specifications doc id 15994 rev 4 23/37 figure 29. cs_dis high level voltage figure 30. cs_dis clamp voltage vcsdh [v] 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 tc [c] vcsdcl [v] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 tc [c] iin= 1m a figure 31. cs_dis low level voltage vcsdl [v] 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 tc [c] application information VN5E016AH-E 24/37 doc id 15994 rev 4 3 application information figure 32. application schematic 3.1 gnd protection network against reverse battery 3.1.1 solution 1: resist or in the ground line (r gnd only) this can be used with any type of load. the following is an indication on how to dimension the r gnd resistor. 1. r gnd 600mv / (i s(on)max ). 2. r gnd (? v cc ) / (-i gnd ) where -i gnd is the dc reverse ground pin current and can be found in the absolute maximum rating section of the device datasheet. power dissipation in r gnd (when v cc <0: during reverse battery situations) is: equation 1 p d = (-v cc ) 2 /r gnd this resistor can be shared amongst several different hsds. please note that the value of this resistor should be calculated with formula (1) where i s(on)max becomes the sum of the maximum on-state currents of the different devices. please note that if the microprocessor ground is not shared by the device ground then the r gnd will produce a shift (i s(on)max * r gnd ) in the input thresholds and the status output v cc gnd output d gnd r gnd d ld c +5v v gnd cs_dis iinput r prot r prot current sense r prot r sense c ext VN5E016AH-E application information doc id 15994 rev 4 25/37 values. this shift will vary depending on how ma ny devices are on in the case of several high side drivers sharing the same r gnd . if the calculated power dissipation leads to a large resistor or several devices have to share the same resistor then st suggests to utilize solution 2 (see below). 3.1.2 solution 2: a diode (d gnd ) in the ground line a resistor (r gnd =1k ) should be inserted in parallel to d gnd if the device drives an inductive load. this small signal diode can be safely shared amongst several different hsds. also in this case, the presence of the grou nd network will produce a shift ( 600mv) in the input threshold and in the status output values if the microprocessor ground is not common to the device ground. this shift will not vary if more than one hsd shares t he same diode/resistor network. 3.2 load dump protection d ld is necessary (voltage transient suppressor) if the load dump peak voltage exceeds the v cc max dc rating. the same applies if the device is subject to transients on the v cc line that are greater than the ones shown in the iso t/r 7637/1 table. 3.3 mcu i/os protection if a ground protection network is used and negative transients are present on the v cc line, the control pins will be pulled negative. st suggests to insert a resistor (r prot ) in line to prevent the c i/os pins to latch-up. the value of these resistors is a compromise between the leakage current of c and the current required by the hsd i/os (input levels compatibilit y) with the latch-up limit of c i/os. equation 2 v ccpeak /i latchup r prot (v oh c -v ih -v gnd ) / i ihmax calculation example: for v ccpeak = -100v; i latchup 20ma; v oh c 4.5v 5k r prot 65k . recommended values: r prot =10k , c ext = 10nf . application information VN5E016AH-E 26/37 doc id 15994 rev 4 3.4 current sense and diagnostic the current sense pin performs a double function (see figure 33: current sense and diagnostic ): current mirror of the load cu rrent in normal operation, delivering a current proportional to the load one according to a know ratio k x . the current i sense can be easily converted to a voltage v sense by means of an external resistor r sense . linearity between i out and v sense is ensured up to 5v minimum (see parameter v sense in table 9: current sense (8 v < v cc <18v) ). the current sense accuracy depends on the output current (refer to current sense electrical characteristics table 9: current sense (8 v < v cc <18v) ). diagnostic flag in fault conditions , delivering a fixed voltage v senseh up to a maximum current i senseh in case of the following fault conditions (refer to tr u t h t a b l e ): ? power limitation activation ?overtemperature ?short to v cc in off-state ? open-load in off-state with additional external components. a logic level high on cs_dis pin sets at the same time all the current sense pins of the device in a high impedance state, thus disabling the current monitoring and diagnostic detection. this feature allows multiplexing of the microcontroller analog inputs by sharing of sense resistance and adc line among different devices. figure 33. current sense and diagnostic main mosn 41v outn i loff2r r sense r prot to uc adc r pd r pu v pu pwr_lim v sense pu_cmd overtemperature ol off + - v ol current sensen i out /k x i senseh v bat i loff2f v senseh load inputn v cc gnd cs_dis VN5E016AH-E application information doc id 15994 rev 4 27/37 3.4.1 short to v cc and off-state op en-load detection short to v cc a short circuit between v cc and output is indicated by the relevant current sense pin set to v senseh during the device off-state. small or no current is delivered by the current sense during the on-state depending on the nature of the short circuit. off-state open-load with external circuitry detection of an open-load in off mode requires an external pull-up resistor r pu connecting the output to a positive supply voltage v pu . it is preferable v pu to be switched off during the module standby mode in order to avoid the overall standby current consumption to increase in normal conditions, i.e. when load is connected. an external pull down resistor r pd connected between output and gnd is mandatory to avoid misdetection in case of floating outputs in off-state (see figure 33: current sense and diagnostic ). r pd must be selected in order to ensure v out < v olmin unless pulled up by the external circuitry: equation 3 r pd 22 k is recommended. for proper open-load detection in off-state, the external pull-up resistor must be selected according to the following formula: equation 4 for the values of v olmin ,v olmax , i l(off2)r and i l(off2)f see table 10: open-load detection (8 v < v cc <18v) . v v i r v ol f off l pd off up pull out 2 min ) 2 ( _ = < ? = ? v v r r i r r v r v ol pd pu r off l pd pu pu pd on up pull out 4 max ) 2 ( _ = > + ? ? ? ? = ? application information VN5E016AH-E 28/37 doc id 15994 rev 4 3.5 maximum demagnetization energy (v cc =13.5v) figure 34. maximum turn off current versus inductance (1) 1. values are generated with r l =0 . in case of repetitive pulses, t jstart (at beginning of each demagnetization) of every pulse must not exceed the temperature specified above for curves a and b. demagnetization demagnetization demagnetization t v in , i l c: t jstart = 125c repetitive pulse a: t jstart = 150c single pulse b: t jstart = 100c repetitive pulse 1 10 100 0,1 1 10 100 l (mh) i (a) a b c VN5E016AH-E package and pc board thermal data doc id 15994 rev 4 29/37 4 package and pc board thermal data 4.1 hpak thermal data figure 35. pc board (1) 1. layout condition of r th and z th measurements (pcb fr4 area = 58 mm x 58 mm, pcb thickness = 1.8 mm, cu thickness = 70 m, copper areas: from minimum pad lay-out to 8 cm 2 ). figure 36. r thj-amb vs. pcb copper area in open box free air condition rthjamb 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 0246810 rthjamb package and pc board thermal data VN5E016AH-E 30/37 doc id 15994 rev 4 figure 37. hpak thermal impeda nce junction ambient single pulse equation 5: pulse calculation formula where = t p /t figure 38. thermal fitting model of a single channel hsd in hpak (1) 1. the fitting model is a simplified thermal tool and is valid for trans ient evolutions where the embedded protections (power limitation or thermal cycling during ther mal shutdown) are not triggered. z th r th z thtp 1 ? () + ? = VN5E016AH-E package and pc board thermal data doc id 15994 rev 4 31/37 table 15. thermal parameter area/island (cm 2 )footprint48 r1 (c/w) 0.1 - - r2 (c/w) 0.2 - - r3 (c/w) 2 - - r4 (c/w) 8 - - r5 (c/w) 28 22 12 r6 (c/w) 31 25 16 c1 (w.s/c) 0.0001 - - c2 (w.s/c) 0.002 - - c3 (w.s/c) 0.05 - - c4 (w.s/c) 0.4 - - c5 (w.s/c) 0.8 1.4 3 c6 (w.s/c) 3 6 9 package and packing information VN5E016AH-E 32/37 doc id 15994 rev 4 5 package and packing information 5.1 ecopack ? in order to meet environmental requirements, st offers these devices in different grades of ecopack ? packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ecopack ? specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at: www.st.com . ecopack ? is an st trademark. figure 39. package dimension VN5E016AH-E package and packing information doc id 15994 rev 4 33/37 table 16. package mechanical data ref. dim data book mm nom. min. max. a - 2.20 2.40 a1 - 0.90 1.10 a2 - 0.03 0.23 b - 0.45 0.60 b4 - 5.20 5.40 c - 0.45 0.60 c2 - 0.48 0.60 d - 6.00 6.20 d1 5.10 - - e - 6.40 6.60 e1 5.20 - - e0.85 - - e1 - 1.60 1.80 e2 - 3.30 3.50 e3 - 5.00 5.20 h - 9.35 10.10 l-1- (l1) 2.80 - - l2 0.80 - - l4 - 0.60 1.00 r0.20 - - v2 - 0 8 package and packing information VN5E016AH-E 34/37 doc id 15994 rev 4 5.2 packing information the devices can be packed in tube or tape and reel shipments (see table 17: device summary ). figure 40. hpak tube shipment (no suffix) figure 41. hpak tape and reel (suffix ?tr?) all dimensions are in mm. base q.ty 75 bulk q.ty 3000 tube length ( 0.5) 532 a 6 b 21.3 c ( 0.1) 0.6 a c b all dimensions are in mm. base q.ty 2500 bulk q.ty 2500 a (max) 330 b (min) 1.5 c ( 0.2) 13 f 20.2 g (+ 2 / -0) 16.4 n (min) 60 t (max) 22.4 tape dimensions according to electronic industries association (eia) standard 481 rev. a, feb 1986 all dimensions are in mm. tape width w 16 tape hole spacing p0 ( 0.1) 4 component spacing p 8 hole diameter d (+ 0.1/-0) 1.5 hole diameter d1 (min) 1.5 hole position f ( 0.05) 7.5 compartment depth k (max) 2.75 hole spacing p1 ( 0.1) 2 top cover tape end start no components no components components 500mm min 500mm min empty components pockets saled with cover tape. user direction of feed reel dimensions VN5E016AH-E order codes doc id 15994 rev 4 35/37 6 order codes table 17. device summary package order codes tube tape and reel 7 pins h-pack VN5E016AH-E vn5e016ahtr-e revision history VN5E016AH-E 36/37 doc id 15994 rev 4 7 revision history table 18. document revision history date revision changes 07-jul-2009 1 initial release. 29-oct-2009 2 added section 5.2: packing information . 01-jun-2010 3 updated table 16: package mechanical data . 04-aug-2010 4 table 9: current sense (8 v < v cc <18v) : ? updated dk 1 /k 1 test conditions VN5E016AH-E doc id 15994 rev 4 37/37 please read carefully: information in this document is provided solely in connection with st products. stmicroelectronics nv and its subsidiaries (?st ?) reserve the right to make changes, corrections, modifications or improvements, to this document, and the products and services described he rein at any time, without notice. all st products are sold pursuant to st?s terms and conditions of sale. purchasers are solely responsible for the choice, selection and use of the st products and services described herein, and st as sumes no liability whatsoever relating to the choice, selection or use of the st products and services described herein. no license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted under this document. i f any part of this document refers to any third party products or services it shall not be deemed a license grant by st for the use of such third party products or services, or any intellectual property contained therein or considered as a warranty covering the use in any manner whatsoev er of such third party products or services or any intellectual property contained therein. unless otherwise set forth in st?s terms and conditions of sale st disclaims any express or implied warranty with respect to the use and/or sale of st products including without limitation implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a parti cular purpose (and their equivalents under the laws of any jurisdiction), or infringement of any patent, copyright or other intellectual property right. unless expressly approved in writing by an authorized st representative, st products are not recommended, authorized or warranted for use in military , air craft, space, life saving, or life sustaining applications, nor in products or systems where failure or malfunction may result in personal injury, death, or severe property or environmental damage. st products which are not specified as "automotive grade" may only be used in automotive applications at user?s own risk. resale of st products with provisions different from the statements and/or technical features set forth in this document shall immediately void any warranty granted by st for the st product or service described herein and shall not create or extend in any manner whatsoev er, any liability of st. st and the st logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of st in various countries. information in this document supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. the st logo is a registered trademark of stmicroelectronics. all other names are the property of their respective owners. ? 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